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Isaac Newton (England)
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- Contributions: Laws of Motion, Universal Gravitation, and calculus.
- Achievements: Major advancements in physics and mathematics; author of “Principia Mathematica.”
Albert Einstein (Germany/USA)
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- Contributions: Theory of Relativity, contributions to quantum mechanics.
- Achievements: Nobel Prize in Physics (1921); transformative impact on modern physics.
Marie Curie (Poland/France)
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- Contributions: Research on radioactivity, discovery of radium and polonium.
- Achievements: Nobel Prizes in Physics (1903) and Chemistry (1911); pioneering work in radiation research.
Nikola Tesla (Serbia/USA)
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- Contributions: AC electrical systems, wireless communication, and electromagnetism.
- Achievements: Developed AC induction motor; numerous patents and major contributions to modern electrical engineering.
Galileo Galilei (Italy)
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- Contributions: Improvements to the telescope, support for heliocentrism.
- Achievements: Major astronomical observations; foundational work in modern physics and observational astronomy.
Charles Darwin (England)
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- Contributions: Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection.
- Achievements: Author of “On the Origin of Species”; revolutionized biology with his theory of evolution.
Johannes Kepler (Germany)
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- Contributions: Laws of planetary motion.
- Achievements: Provided crucial support for the heliocentric theory; major contributions to the understanding of planetary orbits.
James Clerk Maxwell (Scotland)
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- Contributions: Theory of electromagnetism and Maxwell’s equations.
- Achievements: Unified the theories of electricity and magnetism; foundational contributions to modern physics.
Michael Faraday (England)
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- Contributions: Discoveries in electromagnetism and electrochemistry.
- Achievements: Faraday’s laws of electrolysis; key developments in electromagnetism and electrical engineering.
Richard Feynman (USA)
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- Contributions: Quantum electrodynamics and particle physics.
- Achievements: Nobel Prize in Physics (1965); known for his work on quantum mechanics and the Feynman diagrams.
Rosalind Franklin (England)
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- Contributions: Research on DNA structure using X-ray crystallography.
- Achievements: Key contributions to the discovery of the DNA double helix structure; influential in molecular biology.
Carl Sagan (USA)
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- Contributions: Popularizing science and planetary science.
- Achievements: Author of “Cosmos” and numerous contributions to the field of astronomy and space exploration.
Linus Pauling (USA)
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- Contributions: Research in chemistry and molecular biology.
- Achievements: Nobel Prizes in Chemistry (1954) and Peace (1962); influential work on the nature of chemical bonds.
Barbara McClintock (USA)
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- Contributions: Discoveries in genetics and mobile genetic elements.
- Achievements: Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (1983); pioneering work on gene regulation and chromosome behavior.
Edwin Hubble (USA)
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- Contributions: Expansion of the universe and Hubble’s Law.
- Achievements: Major contributions to cosmology; provided evidence for the Big Bang theory through observations.
